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操作3D主体

Created: 六月 10, 2022 | Updated: 六月 15, 2022 | Applies to version: 22
您正在阅读的是 18.0. 版本。关于最新版本，请前往 操作3D主体 阅读 25 版本
 

Parent page: PCB Placement & Editing Techniques

A PCB component footprint completed with a 3D Body.
A PCB component footprint completed with a 3D Body.

A 3D body is a primitive design object that is used as a container into which a standard-format generic 3D model, including STEP, SolidWorks and Parasolid format models, can be imported to represent the three-dimensional shape of the physical component that is mounted on the assembled PCB. The actual 3D shape is displayed when the editor is switched to 3D display mode (click View » 3D Layout Mode or press the 3 shortcut).

3D models are available from many component manufacturers and community websites. The following file formats are supported:

  • STEP – *.Stp and *.Step
  • SolidWorks parts – *.SldPrt
  • Parasolid Models – *.x_t and *.x_b

While placing generic 3D models is a recommended way of using 3D Body objects as this provides an accurate and detailed component representation on the PCB, a 3D Body object also can be used for placing extruded polygon, cylindrical and spherical 3D Body shapes either in the PCB editor or into a PCB library component footprint. For information about working with these objects, see the Working with Extruded, Spherical & Cylindrical 3D Bodies in Altium Designer page.

Placing 3D Body objects to define the components' shape allows you to get a real sense of the arrangement of the components on the assembled board. As well as being able to see what the finished board will look like, real-time 3D clearance checking can be performed, allowing component-to-component and component-to-housing collisions to be detected during the design stage.

The 3D Body is normally placed in the PCB footprint editor as part of the PCB footprint. The footprint defines the connection points and the area-of-board that the component occupies and is the minimum required for board design. The 3D Body is optional; it can be added to the footprint to define the envelope of the component that mounts on that footprint.

3D model support is not limited to components. It also can be used to import other mechanical detail such as a bracket or the finished enclosure. Import the enclosure directly into the PCB editor.

For more information about the advantages of 3D design, see The 3D Advantage in ECAD-MCAD Integration page.

3D Body Object Placement

3D Body objects are available for placement in both the PCB and PCB Library Editors by choosing the Place » 3D Body command from the main menus or locating and using the 3D Body command () on the Active Bar.

A generic model, such as a STEP-format component model, is placed by linking or embedding it in a 3D Body object.

To place a generic model embedded inside the PCB library or PCB file:

  1. In the standard Windows Open dialog that appears after launching the 3D Body placement command, select the required file type from the drop-down then browse and locate the required model file, and click Open. The cursor will change to a crosshair, with the selected 3D model floating on it.
  2. Press Tab to pause placement and display the Properties panel in 3D Body mode. The pause button overlay ( ) will appear in the design space, indicating that you can access the fields of the Properties panel. The Generic 3D Model Type will be selected in the panel, along with Embed Model as the 3D Body source (means that the 3D model file is to be embedded inside the PCB library or PCB file).
  3. The default model color can be overridden if required. In the Display section of the panel, enable the Override Color checkbox then set the Color and the Opacity as required.
  4. Once editing in the panel is complete, click the pause button overlay to return to the design space.
  5. The model will be floating on the cursor; position it then click to place.
  6. It is quite likely that the generic model will need to be re-oriented; refer to the Orienting and Positioning the 3D Model section of the Additional Tools for Working with 3D Bodies page to learn more.

To place a generic model that uses a source other than Embed Model (Server or Link to Model):

  1. Select the Place » Extruded 3D Body command from the main menus or the icon on the Active Bar. The cursor will change to a crosshair and you will be in the default placement mode, placing an Extruded 3D Body object.
  2. Press Tab to pause placement and display the Properties panel in 3D Body mode. The pause button overlay ( ) will appear in the design space, indicating that you can access the fields of the Properties panel.
  3. In the 3D Model Type region of the Properties panel, click the Generic button.
  4. In the Source section of the Properties panel, click to set the source to:
    • Server – the 3D model is to be retrieved from a Workspace. Then click the Choose button to open the Choose Item dialog in which you can access content in a connected Workspace. Refer to the Referencing a Workspace-based 3D Model section below to learn more.
    • Link to Model – the 3D model file is linked to the PCB, this option is not available in the PCB library editor. Then click the Choose button to open the  Choose Model dialog in which you can select the required model. If the required model location is not listed in the Choose Model dialog, refer to the Working with a Linked Model section below to learn more.
  5. You will return to the Properties panel, with the chosen model information displayed.

Accurate and detailed component models are available.
Accurate and detailed component models are available.

Prior to the placement of a 3D Body, you can allocate a component layer pair of the 3D Body type that will contain 3D bodies. Refer to the Working with Mechanical Layers page to learn more about mechanical layers and component layer pairs.
  • 3D mechanical models can sometimes be sourced from the component manufacturer.
  • There are excellent community portal websites, such as 3D Content Central and GrabCAD, where designers share models.
  • There is also a growing number of commercial 3D sites, including PCB 3D.
If you cannot see the 3D bodies in the PCB or PCB footprint editor, press L to open the View Configuration panel and ensure the Show 3D Bodies option is set to On in the General Settings region on the View Options tab (shortcut: Shift+Z).

Working with a Linked Model

Typically this feature is used to link to a large MCAD model, such as the product case, that you want to place in the PCB editor to check the loaded board for fit. The advantage of linking the model is that if the software detects that an external linked model file has been updated, it will warn on file-open, allowing the linked model to be refreshed.

Linked models must be stored in a location that is defined on the PCB Editor – Models page of the Preferences dialog. If the required location is not listed in the Choose Model dialog, click the Add Directories button to open the Preferences dialog.

To add a new location in the PCB Editor – Models Preferences page:

  1. Either type in the full path or click the button to the right of the Model Search Path field () to open the Windows Browse for Folder dialog.
  2. After locating the required folder and clicking OK in the dialog, you will return to the Preferences dialog. Click the Add button to include this location in the list of available model search paths.
  3. Note that only the specified folder is searched for model files; sub-folders are not searched.
  4. Once the required location has been specified, click OK to close the Preferences dialog and return to the Choose Model dialog.

Referencing a Workspace-based 3D Model

To reference a 3D model that is stored in a connected Workspace:

  1. Select Server in the Source region of the 3D Body mode of the Properties panel.
  2. Click the Choose button to the right of the Item Revision field.
  3. The Choose Item dialog will open; use this dialog to browse to and select the revision of the required 3D model.
  4. After clicking OK, a link will be created between the 3D Body and the target revision of the 3D model. Information is shown in the Details region of the Properties panel.
The 3D Model Item being used can be changed at any time. Click Choose and select a revision of a different 3D model.
The status of the linked 3D model is reflected in the 3D Body mode of the Properties panel. If a newer revision of the linked Item is available, click the Update button to use that latest revision.

Graphical Editing

The graphical method of editing allows you to select a placed 3D body object directly in the design space and change its location graphically.

Click on the 3D body then drag to reposition it. While dragging, the 3D body can be rotated or mirrored:

  • Press the Spacebar to rotate the 3D body counterclockwise or Shift+Spacebar for clockwise rotation. The Rotation Step size is defined on the PCB Editor – General page of the Preferences dialog.
  • Press the X or Y keys to mirror the 3D body along the X-axis or Y-axis.

Non-Graphical Editing

This method of editing uses the associated Properties panel mode to modify the properties of a 3D Body object.

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