PCB规则和违规面板

The PCB Rules And Violations panel.

Summary

Design Rule Checking (DRC) is a powerful automated feature that checks both the logical and physical integrity of your design. The PCB Rules And Violations panel allows easy browsing of the enabled design rules and violations in the current board layout workspace. The panel provides a central point for browsing and editing rules, instigating design rules checks and viewing individual violations as graphic overlays in the editor workspace.

Panel Access

• To display the PCB Rules And Violations panel, click the PCB button at the bottom-right of Altium Designer when the PCB Editor is active and select the PCB Rules And Violations entry from the pop-up menu.
• Alternatively, you can access the panel through the View » Workspace Panels » PCB » PCB sub-menu.
• When a DRC batch process completes, the PCB Rules and Violations panel automatically launches.

Selecting Rules and Violations

The body of the PCB Rules And Violations panel has three sections, each offering a finer scope of the design rules and violations:

1. Rule Classes - Design rules grouped by classes, such as Clearances and Widths.
2. Rules - The individual design rules of the selected class. The specific DRC can be run via the right-click menu.
3. Violations - Details of each rule violation reported by activated design rules checks.
4. Waived Violations - Details of each waived rule violation reported using the Waive Selected Violations command. This section is only visible after at least one violation has been waived.

Selecting an individual rule violation causes the design workspace to graphically highlight that violation. Enhanced violation graphics are drawn only on the layers on which the offending primitives reside, and that layer (if enabled) will become the active layer in the workspace. When the rule violations details are enabled (see below), the editor's graphics will display the constraint value defined for the rule and indicate how the offending primitive(s) are either below or above this value.

Above: Violation of a minimum Width rule set to 12mil.

Violation of a Via dimension rule set to minimums of 50mil diameter and 28mil hole size.

Note that if you have the Zoom highlighting method enabled, the workspace will be zoomed-in to fit the browsed violation for a much more precise 'view' of the violating area. The level of that zoom can be varied via the panel's Zoom Level button.

You can also directly access violations from within the design workspace. With the cursor over an offending primitive, right-click and select Violations from the context menu, then select the appropriate violation to open a Violation Details dialog.

Controlling the Display of DRC Violations

The visual display of DRC violations can be configured to maximize clarity and/or suit your own preferences by setting the style, number and color of the graphic markers. Along with the graphic display of violation details, the design primitives can be overlaid with a graphic pattern selected from a number of styles.

Top: Violation details enabled. Middle: Violation error overlay enabled.
Bottom: Both details and error overlay enabled.

Violation Display Preferences

Control over how DRC violations are displayed – using the custom violation graphics and/or a defined violation overlay – is specified on the PCB Editor – DRC Violations Display page of the Preferences dialog (DXP » Preferences button).

Choose how you want DRC violations to be displayed in the workspace - using custom graphics and/or a defined violation overlay.

Specifying the Overlay Style

Use the options in the Violation Overlay Style region of the page to specify the style of violation overlay to use. The table below illustrates example results for a routed track on the Top Layer, in violation of a Width rule, based on the chosen violation overlay style.

Zoom Behavior

The Preferences dialog provides controls for determining how both violation display styles are handled when you zoom in and out:

• Violation Overlay – use the Overlay Zoom Out Behavior region to determine how the overlay displays when you zoom out. For example, you can elect to have the override color become more dominant the further you zoom out, until the layer color is not noticeable - and vice-versa. Experimenting with the options will help to find the setting that best suits your needs and working preference.
• Custom Violation Graphics – use the Show Violation Detail region to determine, when displaying violations using custom graphics, the point at which the graphics for a violated design rule will be displayed. Setting the slider bar more towards Close will result in the violation details appearing when you are more 'zoomed in'. Conversely, to keep the details visible while zooming out to a greater extent, set the slider bar more towards Far. To keep the violation details displayed, irrespective of zoom level, set the slider bar to Always.

Specifying Violation Display Style for each Rule Type

The Choose DRC Violations Display Style region of the dialog presents a grid allowing you to choose the display style used, on a per-rule basis. Enabling the Violation Details field for a rule type will use the associated custom violation graphics to display the DRC violations of that rule. Enabling the Violation Overlay field will display the violations using the specified overlay style.

Right-click within the grid to access a menu of commands to quickly enable or disable use of a violation display type for all rule types. You can also quickly enable the display of violations – detailed graphics or overlay styles – for only those rules currently being used in the design.

Use the grid and related commands to set up exactly how DRC violations will be displayed in the workspace.

Using the two display types together can prove useful in terms of providing a 'coarse' and 'fine' indication of violations. When zoomed out, the violation overlay can flag where a violation exists, then zoom in to view the detail delivered by the associated custom violation graphic.

Defining Violation Colors

To give further flexibility when displaying rule violations in the workspace, the two violation display types – violation details and violation overlay – have separate associated system colors. This allows you to differentiate between the two using different, distinct colors. Color assignment is performed in the View Configurations dialog (Design » Board Layers & Colors):

• Violation Details – uses the color assigned to the DRC Detail Markers system color.
• Violation Overlay – uses the color assigned to the DRC Error Markers system color.

Specify different coloring for the two violation display types, and enable/disable their display, as required.

Right-Click Menus

The entries in each section of the PCB Rules And Violations panel offer a range of options via the right-click context menu. Notable right-click options for each section are:

Rule Classes

• Run DRC Rule Class - Runs all rules contained in the class. Classes may only contain a single rule (such as Short-Circuit Constraint) or a large number (typically, the Clearance Constraint class).
• Clear Violations For Rule Class - Clears the violations (both graphically and listed in the panel) for all rules contained in the class.

Rules

• Run DRC Rule - Runs the selected rule.
• Clear Violations - Clears the violations reported by the selected rule.
• Properties - Opens the Edit PCB Rule dialog, allowing the rule configuration to be changed on the fly.

Violations

• Properties - Opens the Violation Details dialog, which provides full details of the rule constraint and the current violation.

• Waive Selected Violations - Opens the Waived Violations Info dialog, where information can be entered and saved about the violations selected to be waived. After entering the necessary information and clicking OK, the waived violations are displayed under the Waved Violations region.

Tips

• For full access to the PCB Constraint Classes and Rules open the PCB Rules and Constraints Editor dialog via View » Workspace Panels » PCB » PCB Rules And Violations.
• Online Design Rule Checking can be enabled/disabled in the PCB Editor - General page of the Preferences dialog.
• Design Rules can be individually enabled for Online or Batch checking (or both) in the Design Rule Checker dialog - Tools » Design Rule Check.